This is more out of curiosity than anything, but Nvidia GPU allow, on a per-application basis, to set the "maximum pre-rendered frames" to a minimum of "1." Does this have the same effect as running GroovyMAME with D3D9ex, only allowing one frame to be buffered ahead of time? Let me be clear, I'm not trying to argue GroovyMAME isn't useful! I've been using it for a decently long time, and I love it. This is entirely out of my desire to better understand the technology. Thanks y'all!